Bilingual Education in Arizona - 1925 Words

Bilingual Education in Arizona (Essay Sample) Content: Name University Course Tutor Date Bilingual Education in Arizona: Pros and Cons School-age children who speak different languages represent the fastest growing student population in the U.S. Statistics indicate that the number of children who speak languages different from English doubled between 1980 and 2009; and currently they constitute 21 percent of all school aged children in the U.S. between 2009 and 2010, there were w4.7 million students who were classified as English language learners, who have not become proficient in English (Armario para. 2). English learners are the most disadvantaged students among the minority, and it is difficult to get teachers who are qualified to educate them. Moreover, the programs used to instruct these students are never consistent. The U.S is divided when it comes to the issue of the best way to educate English language learners (Armari para. 4). There are heated debates on the most effective bilingual programs with some e xperts favoring the English only approach. Students who are English language learners are likely to be placed in poor schools that are overcrowded, and in most cases these students represent an additional burden to school distracts that are already experiencing financial shortages (Armario para. 6). The question that this paper will seek to answer is â€Å"What are the pros and cons of bilingual education in Arizona†. Background In Arizona English language learners represents 1 in every 10 students enrolled in public schools with an approximated population of 150, 000 students. Most of English language learners in Arizona are Latinos, and they speak Spanish. Different policies have come up over the years to try and inform how English language learners should be taught (Martinez-Wenzl, Pà ©rez and Gandara 4). In 1992, Miriam Flores filed a suit against the state of Arizona on the grounds that the state failed to provide English language learners with effective instruction as stipulated in the Equal Opportunity Act. The case made the state of Arizona to change the law that regulated the process of identifying, assessing, and servicing of English language learners (Martinez-Wenzl, Pà ©rez and Gandara 4). The Supreme Court ordered the Department of Education in Arizona to implement rules to regulate teaching of English; provide extra instruction to English language learners; and these activities should be monitored by the Arizona Department of Education (Martinez-Wenzl, Pà ©rez and Gandara 4). Before the passage of proposition 203 in 2000 that changed the instructing of English language learners, school district in Arizona had the freedom of developing an independent program of teaching English proficiency (Martinez-Wenzl, Pà ©rez and Gandara 5). However, through proposition 203, the state of Arizona instructed all the public schools to conduct their teaching in English, and English language learners were to be placed in a one year English immersion program that would assist them to learn English as first as possible (Martinez-Wenzl, Pà ©rez and Gandara 5). Proposition 203 also allow students to be placed in bilingual learning programs under special circumstances. Experts have noticed that Arizona’s English-only law is the most rigid of all the three states that have implemented similar laws (Martinez-Wenzl, Pà ©rez and Gandara 5). The district court required the state of Arizona to present evidence that is was implementing credible program of instructing English language learners. In response, the state passed resolution 2064, which stipulate the specific ways that English language learners were going to be instructed (Martinez-Wenzl, Pà ©rez and Gandara 7). The bill also established the English Language Learner Task Force that was charged with creating a method of instructing English language learners based on scientific research. Legislators in Arizona also stipulated that the program would include at least four hours of language development everyday. The English Language Learner Task Force in collaboration with Kevin Clark, an expert in the education of English language learners came up with structured English immersion that is used to instruct English language learners in Arizona (Martinez-Wenzl, Pà ©rez and Gandara 8). Structured English immersion program highly discourage the use native languages and stipulates that English language learners should only study any other languages after they have mastered English. Proponents of structured English immersion have supported it on the grounds that it assist students in acquiring English language skills that are critical for excelling in academics, and opening opportunities for students beyond high school (Moran 12). However, opponents of the structured English immersion program adopted in Arizona have argued that it lacks sensitivity to grade level difference and age. Moreover, some opponents have argued that the program does not address issues like funding, availability of text and reading materials, teacher qualification, and procedure for creating a coherent program, which are important factors in determining the success of any English language learner program (Fandià ±o-Parra, Josà ©, Bermà ºdez-Jimà ©nez, and Lugo-Và ¡squez 365). The Pros and Cons of Bilingual Education in Arizona Bilingual education program refers to an education program where teaching is conducted in two different languages. The current English language learner program in the state of Arizona discourages the use of any other language to instruct English language learners unless under certain special conditions. Under the program English language learners are only permitted to learn another language after they have mastered English (Haas 1). However, bilingual education programs have certain benefits to students. Proponents of bilingual education programs have argued that these programs are the most effective in teaching students who are not that proficient in English. In regard to this, proponents have added that immersing students in foreign languages is very effective because teaching other curriculum content in English can help in improving the students command in English, while at the same time increasing their knowledge of other academic fields (Haas 1). Proponents of bilingual education programs have also argued that it assists English language learners to preserve their native language. This is especially crucial to minority students who are interested in protecting their culture and heritage (Haas 2). In bilingual classrooms, both native languages and English are used on a daily basis, which means that students will understand them equally. Another advantage of bilingual education program is that studies have shown that learning a second language at a very young age is beneficial to students. Studies have proven that children who are taught foreign languages at an early age find it easy to master the grammar, vocabulary, and diction of both languages. Moreover, studies have shown that these children can easily master other languages later in life (Haas 2). One of the reasons that have been given by opponents of bilingual education is that bilingual education programs are very costly. According to opponents, it costs much more to instruct English language learners in bilingual classes than it does in dominant-language only classes. Proponents of bilingual education programs have admitted that school districts may incur additional costs when teaching English language learners in bilingual classes, but bilingual classes are the most effective way of instructing English language learners (Snowman, McCown and Biehler 559). An alternative to bilingual education programs is immersion like the one currently used in Arizona, but studies have shown that these approach is ineffective. When English language learners do not understand the language they are being instructed in, they gras p any content. Moreover, English language learners do not only attend school to learn English alone, but also other subjects like history, math and science (Farruggio 296). Opponents of bilingual education programs have argued that bilingual education in the U.S is often linked to immigrants, the terms â€Å"bilingual student† may be taken to mean uneducated or poor, which may stigmatize English language learners. Opponents have also argued that bilingual education programs instead of assisting foreign students to integrate into the American society, they may actually do the opposite by keeping immigrants children linguistically isolated (Snowman, McCown and Biehler 559). Opponents of bilingual education have also opposed it on the grounds that it takes away the sense of national identity. The U.S has earned the reputation as the â€Å"melting pot† of culture where people are treated equally regardless of their cultural background, and all cultures are assimilated in to the basic American culture. Immigrants in America have also been forced to learn English and American ways of doing things as they contribute their own culture. According to opponents, when immigrants continue to hold on to their native language and culture, it is impossible for them to be assimilated into the American culture (Farruggio 298). Studies demonstrate that English language learners who are initially taught to read in their native language, or those who are simultaneously taught to read in their native languages and English show higher levels of achievement in reading in English as opposed to learners who are never taught to read in their native languages (Guo and Koretz 131). This means that bilingual education program that give English language learners a chance to be taught in both their native language and English are more effective than the structured immersion program currently being used in Arizona. Studies that were conducted to examine the achievements of s tructured immersion program in Arizona in 2007 found that 64 percent of students in the fourth grade...

The Most Monumental Undertaking Of Modern Philosophy

Control is an often acknowledged concept in ancient philosophy, discussed by the likes of Epicurus and Epictetus, among others. Often, control is articulated in regards to one’s relationship with others and their personal actions. Though the amount of things one can personally control is limited, these things are paramount and essential for living a life that is at peace and that is tranquil. I will be arguing that one’s choices/actions are the most monumental undertaking of which can be controlled, and is the ultimate contributor to happiness and equanimity. This state, known as â€Å"ataraxia†, should be used as a constant guidance and reminder, perpetuated by virtue, of which decisions are â€Å"correct† or â€Å"incorrect.† Ataraxia may be characterized as a state containing balanced contentment and repose, particularly of the mental variety. Though many philosophers, including Epicurus, Epictetus, and Sextus Empiricus address this said state of unperturbed-ness, their interpretations of how to reach ataraxia differ slightly, though all may be applied to my argument. In his The Skeptic Way, Sextus Empiricus discusses the process of achievement of ataraxia through differentiating between natural goods and bads. When one accepts that what is good and bad cannot be distinguished definitely, they must choose whether to continue pursuit of this inquiry or accept an always indefinite solution. This choice determines the path traveled either to tranquility or agitation.Show MoreRelated The Mystery of the Pyramids Essay example5058 Words   |  21 PagesBecause it is the most massive building on the planet, at least twice the volume and thirty times the mass of the Empire State Building. Because it is aligned to the true cardinal points of the compass even though no compass is known to have existed at its time of construction. 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This is just one of the founding core principles that set the foundation for Locke’s theory of knowledge. His philosophical undertaking is a convoluted and across the board work; however, Locke’s focus is on the origin and the limits of human knowledge. To what can an individual know? What is the connection between knowledge and the real world? This is the enduring questions ofRead MoreJohn Locke : An Essay Concerning Human Understanding2360 Words   |  10 Pagesinborn – and to rationalism where the attain knowledge of reality through the power of reason apart from anything else. This is just one of the founding core principles that set the foundation for Locke’s th eory of knowledge. His philosophical undertaking is a convoluted and across the board work; however, Locke’s focus is on the origin and the limits of human knowledge. To what can an individual know? What is the connection between knowledge and the real world? 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Ever since then we have agreed, for the sake of simplicity and practicality, that party machines should narrow down the field of choice to two candidates, or at most three or fourRead MoreInternship Report on Milk vita14316 Words   |  58 Pagesconstraints and financial limitations etc, were evoked too. However, finally instead of all the eventualities, the study could be made possible with the active supervision of the guide. Hypothesis The statistical testing of hypothesis is the most important technique in statistical inference. Hypothesis tests are widely used in business and industry for making decisions. The hypothesis is made about the value of some parameter but the only facts available to estimate the true parameter are

Project on Titan - 9221 Words

CONTENTS ïÆ'  ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ïÆ'  INTRODUCTION ïÆ'  EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ïÆ'  COMPANY BACKGROUND ïÆ'  SITUATION ANALYSIS ïÆ'  SWOT ANALYSIS ïÆ'  SEGMENTATION STRATEGY ïÆ'  MARKET RESEARCH ïÆ'  MARKETING PROGRAM ïÆ'  CONCLUSION ïÆ'  BIBLIOGRAPHY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We wish to express our sincere thanks to Ms. Aparna Goel, Lecturer Consumer Behaviour, and FACULTY- AMITY BUSINESS SCHOOL for giving us the opportunity to work on this exciting project. This has given us the insight of how the various theoretical concepts are applied in an organization. We are also grateful to MS. NARISHIMA – TITAN REGIONAL OFFICE and Mr. SURESH MAHBOOBANI, Proprietor â€Å"THE WORLD OF TITAN† – USMAN ROAD for their valuable inputs which helped enrich this project.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Reparability, and visibility†, is where Titan scores. Even though a Swatch’s likelihood of needing repairs is minimal, it would have to be dissembled even for as small a thing as a change of battery. Titan’s products have come down from being a rich man’s watch to that of everybody’s watch with TITAN still being something for somebody and not everything for everybody. THE TARGET MARKET AND WHY THE TARGET MARKET NEEDS THE PRODUCT? FAST TRACK A collection of watches will contemporary styles that are young and distinctive. Designs that go from the relaxed and informal to the definitely sporty. The woman’s collection presents the all new international `Frosted’ look, which is trendy and chic. The Fastrack collection has elements like cool mesh straps and features that include EL back-light and dual time. Also presenting a range of fashion digitals in contemporary wrist hugging cases with oversized displays and features that include countdown timers, chronographs, lap timers, hourly chime, alarm and Hi-light glow. Price: Rs.550-1,430 Category Aimed at : Youth EXACTA A perfect combination of dateless styling and design simplicity, Exacta is the all-steel look in Titan. Everyday watches for those who value fundamental principles of durability, reliability andShow MoreRelatedMarketing Strategies For Titan Watches Under The Current Market Scenario1469 Words   |  6 PagesTHE MARKETING DECISION PROBLEM Formulating marketing strategies for Titan watches under the current market scenario The company has successfully grabbed significant share of the pie by capturing important market segments and being in sync with the changing fashion trends since its inception. 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For this assignment, I have also had the privilege of interviewing Behkie, city impact manager, from The Mission Continues, which is the non-profit organization I volunteer with, as well as a teacher who currently works for Titan Middle School. Having talked to several teachers and residents in this community, some will say it is well known for its HispanicRead MoreTechnical Internships For Advance National Security ( Titans ) Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesTechnical Internships to Advance National Security (TITANS) Center for Analysis Systems Applications (CASA) Sandia National Laboratories - Albuquerque, NM Sandia’s innovative TITANS program allows you to choose a focused, stimulating internship experience in one of three technical tracks: CASA, Center for Cyber Defenders (CCD), and Monitoring Systems and Technology Intern Center (MSTIC). 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Having Problems Writing an Essay on Mobile Phones

Mobile phone is certainly one of the ubiquitous symbols of modern life. It is hard to imagine a person (from any walk of life) who doesn’t have one. A dozen years ago they were a prerogative of businessmen who had to move about a lot and needed to be in touch with their partners at any time of night and day. Now everyone has them: from schoolchildren to seniors and from janitors to CEO of transnational corporations. And it is only natural that such an important aspect of our life is often mentioned in argumentative essay topics. Some people believe that mobile phones cause cancer and should be banned. Others may not believe in such direct harm to people’s health but mourn the fact that their usage takes warmth and humanity from the act of communication. Somebody else may be outraged by the dishonest business practices of mobile operators, and so on and so forth. So, if you have to write about mobile phones but are not given a particular topic, don’t try to cover all the aspects of the issue in one piece of writing – you have to choose one point which speaks to you most. How to Approach an Argumentative Essay about Mobile Phones Mobile phones are probably among the easier topics for argumentative essays. Why? Because this topic is close and clear for most people, and it is much easier to write about something you know and care about than about some obscure topic you have first heard about when your tutor was giving you the task. An argumentative essay presupposes that you express and support your own opinion – in such a situation personal involvement is a kind of additional bonus. If you are interested in a topic, even a little bit, you will produce a better essay than if you write about something you don’t care about, even if you have thoroughly prepared for the task and read a bunch of scholarly articles on the topic. Writing Your Own Essay on Mobile Phones Remember that although you are supposed to present your own argument in your essay, it doesn’t mean that you should simply express your opinion. The very idea of argumentative essays is that you should have an opinion and the ability to support it – no matter how strongly you believe in something, if you fail to gather the information in favor of your ideas, your essay will be found wanting. If you are free to choose from a number of argumentative essay topics about mobile phones, try to choose the one you already know something about, so that you don’t have to do extra research. And you will have to do a lot of research – although some people believe that expository and argumentative essays are almost the same thing, it is not true. For argumentative writing you will need much greater amount of preliminary research – after all, you don’t have to study just the topic in question, you have to form your own opinion and gather the facts in its s upport as well.

Poverty in African American Minority Neighborhoods

Child abuse is defined as ways of treating a child that are harmful or morally wrong. (Richards 12) Child abuse is caused by so many things and usually starts with something de-menial or small. Like a snowball, the problem gets bigger as time goes on, if you do not stop it. Child abuse happens everywhere, in every neighborhood, ethnicity/racial, and religion. It is worldwide. One of the main factors of child abuse is where they live. Do they live in poverty or not? Poverty is such a broad term; when most people think of poverty, they think of the kids they see on TV. These children are usually from a third world country where there are programs set up to help feed the starving. Poverty is defined by Charles Booth, in 1886, as â€Å"very†¦show more content†¦The â€Å"estimated overlap of domestic violence and child abuse is 30 to 50 percent† of all cases (Henderson 321). As the child grows older and sees the violence in their household there is a possibility that the child will think that it is acceptable. Over half of children abused in Palm Beach County are younger than six years of age. â€Å"44% of the abused children were African American, nearly 52% of the neglected or abused children were younger than 6 [years old], and more than half of those were infants† (Wolford 1). African American children are often portrayed as children who are abused. Many times it is shown on TV or movies or in novels. People are vulnerable to information that they see every day; yet, this information may or may not be 100 % accurate. â€Å"In 1982 black children were 22 % of all child maltreatment reports. In 1984 black children were 20.8 % of all Child Protective Services cases† (Hampton 4). Many studies have been conducted to prove that there is a significant difference in child abuse among the multiple social classes. For example, â€Å"Lauderdale, Valiunas, and Anderson wrote in 1980 that the annual rates for Texas in 1975-1977 whites, African Americans and Mexicans without social class, African Americans were the highest for all forms of maltreatment, followed Mexicans, and lastly, whites.† Later in 1983, â€Å"Spearly and Lauderdale extended the research byShow MoreRelatedHigher Percentage of Minority Inmates1696 Words   |  7 PagesPercentage of Minority Inmates There are over millions of people incarcerated but African Americans and Latinos make up most of the prison population. To attempt to stop certain problems, the criminal justice system just put people behind bars and expects that everything will be fine, when in reality it isn’t because now the jails are becoming overcrowded. Dealing with the drug war, racial profiling, and people growing up in low-income neighborhoods and high-poverty rates, minorities have a higherRead MoreNational Low Income Housing Of African Americans1470 Words   |  6 Pagespercent of African Americans are on housing assistance programs, as in this county’s displaced history on minorities, the voucher program produces elements that affect minorities. Although African Americans make up the overall higher percentage when it comes to housing assistance programs, according to National Low-Income Housing Coalition, surprisingly Caucasians make up 49 percent of the project-based section 8. Yet, Natio nal Low-Income Housing Coalition mentions that African Americans as of 2010Read MoreStratification By Definition Is The Categorization Of People Into Socio Economic Strata Based Upon Their Annual Income And Occupation1378 Words   |  6 Pagesachieving success in today’s society. It poses the question of whether or not one can really achieve the â€Å"American Dream† through hard work no matter what the circumstances, or whether that is a false promise, and people of the lower to working class are trapped as a product of their environment, and less likely to climb the social ladder of success. People of color, more specifically African-Americans; have faced extreme racism in America’s past. It was only until the 60s-the civil rights movement- thatRead MoreImmigration Settlement And Spatial Assimilation1015 Words   |  5 PagesResidential Segregation essay that these southern states contained only 25% of whites, most Blacks lived in rural counties that yielded a large portion of segregated and racially isolated minorities. Shifting ahead to today, racially segregated neighborhoods share a common theme, many Blacks cluster into neighborhoods that are in and around urban areas that seem to be close to the city center. Massey explains that the concentration of space that Black people occupy in these areas is increasingly becomingRead MoreRace, Place, And Opportunity By John Powell845 Words   |  4 Pagesto gain perspective of the situation, blacks and minorities are given opportunities based solely on where they live. Blacks are being placed by the government in en vironments that are grimy and cheap to manage, while whites are geographically placed in neighborhoods with beneficial factors. In John Powell’s â€Å"Race, Place, and Opportunity† he uses logos and ethos to demonstrate racial geographic living conditions and the effects it has on the minorities’ circumstances. Initially, location of people’sRead MorePolice Influence on Society822 Words   |  4 Pagesrelationship between police and minority societies has always been a difficult one with many issues. Before the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s African Americans were treated brutally by the police in the United States. 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One common characteristic is that African Americans are much more likely to live in poverty and poverty stricken areas than White Americans (McNamara Burns, 2009). What I have learned it is not as simple as African Americans are poorer than White Americans. While the statement is true, it is simplistic. There are many reasons and. causes for the disparity in wealth and income between African Americans and White American. One explanation givenRead MoreRacism During The Middle East1151 Words   |  5 PagesDifferent groups of people have been subjected to racism; first, the Native Americans were driven away from their homes. After that, Afric ans were forced into slavery and still face racism today. While not to the same degree, one cannot deny that the racism against African Americans and other minorities is still prevalent today. There are three groups specifically who are facing an extreme amount of racism today. African Americans are looked down upon as inferior by some whites and are treated unequallyRead MorePoverty Of The United States1667 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty in America Poverty has become a major problem in the United States of America, affecting up to millions of Americans. Today the poverty level in the U.S is at a whopping sixteen percent. While sixteen percent doesn’t seem like a large number; it represents up to 40 million citizens in the United States. Statistics show that the poverty universe consumes up to 308,196,783 citizens that can be affected by poverty. According to the census Bureau, The poverty universe refers to the people

Joomla File Upload Plugin Free Essays

File  Upload  Plugin  user  manual Thank  you  for  downloading  and  use  the  file  upload  plugin  for  Joomla! ,  the  usage  of  this  extensions  is  so  simple,  you   only  need  to  activate  the  plugin  in  the  backend  and  then  open  one  published  article  and  type  at  the  bottom  {upload}   (this  especial  word  can  be  changed  in  the  plugin  parameters  for  compatibility  with  other  possible  extensions). Once  you  or  your  users  are  logued  in  the  public  front ­end  the  input  field  turn  to  visible,  if  not,  Ã‚  a  nice  message  invite   your  guest  to  register. Fig  1. We will write a custom essay sample on Joomla File Upload Plugin or any similar topic only for you Order Now If  the  user  is  a  guest  only  view  a  styled  message Fig  2. Once  the  users  are  logued  the  plugin  works  with  the  file  manager  activate This  are  the  mandatory  steps,  later  you  can  change  many  parameters  in  the  back ­end,  this  parameters  are  explained  now: Fig  3. The  general  settings †¢ †¢ At  the  first  time  we  can  hide  or  show  the  bbcode  {upload}  when  the  plugin  are  deactivated. We  can  enable  the  mailing  system  to  notify  the  administrator  in  every  new  file  uploaded,  if  this  system  is   enabled  since  version  1. 6. 1  we  can  add  a  new  email  address  and  decide  if  the  message  are  in  html  or  text/plain   format. The  bbcode  word  by  default  {upload}  can  change  by  others,  perhaps  this  bbcode  crash  with  other  plugins,  if  so,   change  this  word  by  anyone. When  the  system  try  to  create  the  needed  structure  folder  you  can  decide  the  permissions  by  default  0777. The  size  of  the  input  field. The  button  value The  class  of  the  button,  by  default  Ã¢â‚¬Å"button†,  this  is  the  default  class  in  joomla! But  you  can  change  to  other. Equal  to  button  class  but  now  for  the  input  field The  maxlenght  permitted  in  the  input  field The  allowed  mime ­types,  you  can  type  as  many  as  you  want  separated  by  commas,  the  system  compare  this  list How to cite Joomla File Upload Plugin, Essay examples

Joomla File Upload Plugin Free Essays

File  Upload  Plugin  user  manual Thank  you  for  downloading  and  use  the  file  upload  plugin  for  Joomla! ,  the  usage  of  this  extensions  is  so  simple,  you   only  need  to  activate  the  plugin  in  the  backend  and  then  open  one  published  article  and  type  at  the  bottom  {upload}   (this  especial  word  can  be  changed  in  the  plugin  parameters  for  compatibility  with  other  possible  extensions). Once  you  or  your  users  are  logued  in  the  public  front ­end  the  input  field  turn  to  visible,  if  not,  Ã‚  a  nice  message  invite   your  guest  to  register. Fig  1. We will write a custom essay sample on Joomla File Upload Plugin or any similar topic only for you Order Now If  the  user  is  a  guest  only  view  a  styled  message Fig  2. Once  the  users  are  logued  the  plugin  works  with  the  file  manager  activate This  are  the  mandatory  steps,  later  you  can  change  many  parameters  in  the  back ­end,  this  parameters  are  explained  now: Fig  3. The  general  settings †¢ †¢ At  the  first  time  we  can  hide  or  show  the  bbcode  {upload}  when  the  plugin  are  deactivated. We  can  enable  the  mailing  system  to  notify  the  administrator  in  every  new  file  uploaded,  if  this  system  is   enabled  since  version  1. 6. 1  we  can  add  a  new  email  address  and  decide  if  the  message  are  in  html  or  text/plain   format. The  bbcode  word  by  default  {upload}  can  change  by  others,  perhaps  this  bbcode  crash  with  other  plugins,  if  so,   change  this  word  by  anyone. When  the  system  try  to  create  the  needed  structure  folder  you  can  decide  the  permissions  by  default  0777. The  size  of  the  input  field. The  button  value The  class  of  the  button,  by  default  Ã¢â‚¬Å"button†,  this  is  the  default  class  in  joomla! But  you  can  change  to  other. Equal  to  button  class  but  now  for  the  input  field The  maxlenght  permitted  in  the  input  field The  allowed  mime ­types,  you  can  type  as  many  as  you  want  separated  by  commas,  the  system  compare  this  list How to cite Joomla File Upload Plugin, Essay examples